Alcohol and College Students Essay - 1509 Words

Alcohol and College Students Introduction: I decided to research alcohol, because of the large numbers of lives that alcohol ruins not only in the short run but also for the rest of peoples lives. Growing up I have witnessed many people who have developed alcohol problems at a young age and allowed it to take control of the way that they live their lives. It is obvious that alcohol has become a dangerous problem for college students in and out of the classroom. Research Methods: To understand why alcohol is a problem for college students, I decided to survey a random sample of 26 students here at State U. I designed the survey to be a quick and effective way to obtain the drinking habits of college students in†¦show more content†¦I feel this question will be extremely influential due to the already high numbers of deaths caused by drunk drivers. My other method of research that I took advantage of was the interview. When I went home this past weekend, I was able to interview my high school nurse who has professional knowledge about the problems that alcohol causes. I wanted to interview the nurse, so she would be able to provide me with important facts and statistics that dealt with young adults and alcohol. In order to make sure that both she and I were prepared, I gave her a list of my questions ahead of time so that she was able to find the proper information needed for my paper. The questions that I asked were: 1. What is the average age that young people begin drinking? 2. Where does alcohol rank in terms of causes of death each year? 3. Are people who start drinking at an early age more likely to become dependant easier? 4. What kind of role does alcohol play in rapes near a college campus? 5. How many teens were in crashes where alcohol was involved? I feel as if these questions will be of great use to show how alcohol can affect students throughout their lives, especially when they start to drink at a young age. Findings: After conducting my survey, the results were as follows: The first question on my survey asked how many days of the week do you drink. When I looked at the results, the average number of days was four. In a place likeShow MoreRelatedAlcohol and College Students1782 Words   |  8 PagesAlcohol and College Students Excessive drinking by college students has become a social phenomenon in which College students do not acknowledge the health risks that are involved with their excessive drinking habits. Furthermore, college students do not know enough about alcohol in general and what exactly it does to the body or they do not pay attention to the information given to them. There needs to be a complete saturation on the campuses, with the help of businesses and the media, expressingRead MoreThe Abuse of Alcohol by College Students647 Words   |  3 PagesAlcohol and the abuse of it by college students is a big problem that many college towns such as Iowa City, Iowa, are facing. With increasingly more students drinking alcohol, what was once just a casual drink can quickly turn into binge drinking. This behavior has many consequences for not only the student, but also the public. By being resilient and working together as a community, we all could make it easier to combat this problem of binge drinking in college students in Iowa City and the troublesRead More College Students and Alcohol Essays1138 Words   |  5 Pages College Students and Alcohol College student drunkenness is far from new and neither are college and university efforts to control it. What is new, however, is the potential to make real progress on this age-old problem based on scientific research results. New research-based information about the consequences of high-risk college drinking and how to reduce it can empower colleges and universities, communities, and other interested organizations to take effective action. Hazardous drinking amongRead Moredrugs and alcohol on college students1105 Words   |  5 PagesDrugs and alcohol, do they have a significant impact on the lives of college students or just the ones that fall short to the influence? There is a major problem with students using and abusing these substances, not only does it have negative effects on the user, but on the user s friends and family as well. A lot of drugs and alcohol become easily available to college students over the course of their college years. What can be done to help prevent students from abusing drugs and alcohol? OverallRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On College Students Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol is one of the most popularly used substances in America (Fuertes Hoffman, 2016). Amongst all who consume alcohol, college students ages 18 to 24, have proven to consume more alcohol than any other age or group (Koyama Belli, 2011). Ruberman (2014) explained that college students between the ages of 18 to 24 are experiencing a time in life when mental illness levels are high. College students are also enduring higher levels of stress than normal that stem from social pressures and newRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On College Students1832 Words   |  8 PagesJason P. Terrell ENG 111 28E Mrs. Boone 22 November 2015 Alcohol Abuse in College Students When students are making the transition from high school to college they begin to meet new people, make new friends, see what it’s like to be on their own and make their own decisions. This is all good and well, but sometimes they tend to make the wrong decisions. Many college students have trouble handling their newfound freedom, new acquaintances, and responsibilities in on- campus living which can leadRead MoreThe Effects of Alcohol Consumption on College Students1227 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ The Effects of Alcohol Consumption on College Students On a weekly basis, college students consume more alcohol to fit in with their peers. Prior research has shown how alcohol consumption can lead to negative effects. Typically, college students ignore the negative effects of consuming alcohol, in order to have a good time. College students are the point in their life where they are searching for new and exciting ways to fit inRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Among College Students957 Words   |  4 PagesIt was once stated on the essay â€Å"Too Many Colleges Are Still in Denial About Alcohol Abuse† that colleges have a serious problem with alcohol abuse among students, and it’s not getting any better†¦college presidents viewed alcohol abuse as their top campus-life problem† (Wechsler 336). I believe that alcohol consumption is one of the biggest problems we as a society are facing now a day. We see this as a common activity among college students and sometimes we even encourage it by letting people believeRead MoreThe Effects of Alcohol in College Students Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesOn college campuses across America, the use of alcohol has been an topic in need of explanation for many years. The concept will be explaned with emphise on the negative effects of hooch. Alcohol in cardio-sport athletes is especially harmful. But at any rate the negative concepts apply to all student. Besides the fact that a large number of students are underage when they drink, alcohol can put students in dangerous situations and give them a headache long after the hangover is gone. The short andRead More The effects of alcohol in College Students Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pages On college campuses across America, the use of alcohol has been an topic in need of explanation for many years. The concept will be explaned with emphise on the negative effects of hooch. Alcohol in cardio-sport athletes is especially harmful. But at any rate the negative concepts apply to all student. Besides the fact that a large number of students are underage when they drink, alcohol can put students in dangerous situations and give them a headache long after the hangover is gone. The short

Analysis Of Stetler Model Of Research Utilization Essay

Introduction As the nursing field grows, evidence-based practice is becoming more pragmatic. This is because people want to know the when, why, and how of diseases processes. Increasing knowledge on evidence-based practice has shown to improve health outcomes. Research translation models are utilized heavily in nursing to help transform findings into practice (Polit Beck, 2012). Some models are more clinician oriented, while others are institution oriented. There are various models that are utilized by different entities. For the purpose of this paper, the Stetler Model of Research Utilization will be researched and discussed. The Model The Stetler Model is made up of five phases that are imperative when conducting research and then putting that research into practice. In particular, this model focuses on the critical thinking skills and use of evidence by a provider (Schaffer, Sandau, Diedrick, 2013). The five phases of this model are listed in order of how they should be utilized in the research process. The five phases include: preparation, validation, comparative evaluation and decision-making, translation and application, and evaluation. Each of these phases is important for the clinician to follow in a stepwise fashion. The first phase of this model is the preparation phase. In this phase, it is important to delineate the purpose and potential outcomes of the study. The research is searched, sorted and selected. It is important during this phaseShow MoreRelatedevidence basedpractice2944 Words   |  12 Pagesbest available evidence, coupled with clinical expertise. As such it enables health practitioners of all varieties to address healthcare questions with an evaluative and qualitative approach. EBP allows the practitioner to assess current and past research, clinical guidelines, and other information resources in order to identify relevant literature while differentiating between high-quality and low-quality findings. UNIT BACKGROUND: Evidence based practices was founded by Dr.Ardice Cochrane , aRead MoreEvidence Based Practice3086 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿ Implementation of Evidence Based Practice Rosemary Garcia â€Æ' Implementation of Evidence Based Practice Evidence Based Practice Nursing is the utilization by nurses of Evidence Based Research findings that, according to Houser (2012), steer the nurse toward integration of clinical expert opinion and experience with an unbiased exhaustive review of the best scientific evidence professional nursing care literature can provide while incorporatingRead MoreBarriers of Research Utilization for Nurses9005 Words   |  37 Pagesopinions regarding barriers to, and facilitators of, research utilization in the practice setting Alison Margaret Hutchinson BAppSc, MBioeth PhD Candidate, Victorian Centre for Nursing Practice Research, School of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Australia Linda Johnston BSc, PhD, Dip N Professor in Neonatal Nursing Research, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, and Associate Director, Victorian Centre for Nursing Practice Research, Melbourne, Australia Submitted for publication:Read MoreNursing Research1183 Words   |  5 PagesLANDMARKS AFFECTING NURSING RESEARCH YEAR EVENT | 1859 Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing published | 1900 American Nursing Journal begins publication | 1923 Columbia University establishes first doctoral program for nurses | Goldmark Report with recommendations for nursing education published | 1930s American Journal of Nursing publishes clinical cases studies | 1948 Brown publishes report on inadequacies of nursing education | 1952 The journal Nursing Research begins publication | 1955Read MoreEffects of Gum Chewing on Post Operative Ileus1274 Words   |  6 Pagespostoperative ileus duration. Recent clinical trials show that chewing gum postoperatively may hold promise in reducing postoperative ileus and thereby decrease length of stay. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to use the Stetler Model of Research Utilization to examine the research regarding the use of gum chewing to reduce the duration of postoperative ileus in abdominal surgery patients. Validation The articles used to draw conclusions from included two primary articles and two systematic reviewsRead MoreClabsi2802 Words   |  12 PagesPurpose Statement and Aims†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Research Questions and Hypothesis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Review of Literature with matrix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6-12 Evidenced Based Practice Model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Study Design and Sampling Method†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Setting and Study population†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 Sources of Data Collection Method†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...14 Data Analysis Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 Ethics and HumanRead MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 PagesAdvancing Health http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12956.html THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences

Case Study of Commonwealth Bank Australia Cross Cultural Management

Question: Discuss about theCase Study of Commonwealth Bank Australiafor Cross Cultural Management. Answer: Introduction Culture is the ultimate way of life. Culture plays an important role in the life of every individual. Culture could influence peoples lives significantly in both ways and hence it becomes extremely important for contemporary businesses to utilise culture as a key tool for development of the organisation. It could be said that most of the multinational companies all across the world have taken up culture as a key aspect to analyse in order to run their business. Culture could be defined as the norms, beliefs, values and thought patterns of an individual. Culture is developed when a group of people with same beliefs and thoughts are come together (Primecz et al., 2009). Workplace and culture have a strong complementary relationship. When the culture of a workplace is properly practiced it is said to have a significant effect on the performance of an organisation (Sderberg Holden, 2002). At the same time if cultural practice within the organisation is unethical or ineffective then it i s likely to have significant negative effect on the organisational performance and hence culture is considered with utmost importance. With the globalisation taking place all across the world culture has gained broader interest in business the concept of cross cultural management came into existence. Cross cultural management is an essential section of the cultural study especially for business as it would help the organisations to go through different cultures learn their ways and effectively develop strategies to handle cross cultural issues (Hult et al., 2008). Commonwealth Bank Australia one of the leading banks in the country Australia has been successful in expanding its business not only within the nation but it has also successfully done business overseas and this is where the aspect of cross cultural management stands to be important for the organisation. The present study will take an opportunity to discuss the cross cultural issues, problems and their impact on the organi sational performance and will also provide suitable recommendations to handle these issues effectively. Cross Cultural Management and the Workplace Cross cultural management is one of the most key aspects for the contemporary business houses. It is important for the multinational companies to address the cross cultural issues and identify the key problem which if not attended properly is likely to affect the business to a large extent. For an international business like Commonwealth Bank Australia cross cultural management is one of the most important management challenges that need to be handled effectively by the organisations (Peltokorpi, 2008). Commonwealth Bank Australia is one of the largest financial institutions working with businesses as well as consumers and operates its organisation all across the world and hence this clearly shows the importance of having an effective cross cultural management in position. As per the existing literature, cross cultural management could be defined as the process of managing work team effectively across different cultures and considering their cultural differences, background and diver sity in the work teams (Thomas et al., 2008). Commonwealth Bank operates in different contrasting cultures and hence it is important for the organisation to understand the different cross cultural issues which could hamper the business in case they are not properly addressed. Cross cultural differences are highly visible in some countries and some countries have similar ideologies (Stahl et al., 2010). The company applies Hoftsedes cultural dimension in order to understand the cross cultural differences in the different societies it operates in. Cross cultural management is not only effective for foreign expansion of business but it also helps to effectively manage groups within the organisation itself so that they are able to perform well for the organisation. Commonwealth Bank implements the Model of Cultural Dimension which helps the organisation to frame their cross cultural strategy accordingly. The Geert Hofstedes Model has six different attributes which discuss a society base d on their culture (Kawar, 2012). Fig 1: Hofstedes Cultural Dimension Model (Source: Tung, 2008) The concept of Hofstede is very clear as it tries to understand the cultural difference based on the different attributes. This is actually a process of comparison which the managers of the Commonwealth Bank apply in order to gain suitable insights into the different cultural differences facing the organisation which could naturally impact on the interpersonal interactions. The first attribute power distance helps the managers to understand how a society handles the inequalities in the society (Tung, 2008). In societies where power distance is low people tend to equalise the distribution of power which means employees are more efficient in these societies and hence the workforce should be accordingly handled by the organisation. Example of such kind of society is India. The second attribute individualism and collectivism shows the social framework of a society. It helps the company managers to understand the overall pattern of the society and the ideology of the society in terms of i ndividual growth and collective growth (Berry et al., 2010). The society where individualism is high will focus more on self improvement and growth which helps the managers to motivate employees individually getting effective response and result for the organisation. In cross cultural management masculinity and femininity is considered as one of the key aspects (Testa, 2009). The masculinity preference of a society means that the society is much more inclined to giving out material rewards for good work whereas femininity focuses on cooperation, sharing and caring and quality of life which would help the managers of Commonwealth Bank to implement suitable strategies to handle the workforce and develop rewarding system. The uncertainty avoidance shows the managers the vulnerability of people in the society towards uncertain circumstances and ambiguity. It mainly states the situation that a society cannot predict whats going to come in the future and accordingly whether they embrace c hange or not. Long term and short term orientation highlights the inclination of the society towards keeping in mind the past legacies but also change for the future which clearly helps organisations to understand how the society is going to behave in the coming few years and accordingly makes strategies to control business (Tung Verbeke, 2010). Finally Indulgence vs. Restraint is the last attribute which shows the company whether the society is fun loving society or are highly conservative about their lifestyle. Cross Cultural Issues for Commonwealth Bank Australia There are number of different cross cultural issues which hinder the business growth. For Commonwealth Bank it is important that cross cultural issues are addressed properly. The main cross cultural issue that the company has to face is during business interaction. The company has always focused on effective communication as it helps to interact properly with the employees and the consumers but workings in different cultural regions affect communication. It often creates communication gap between individuals. In a completely different culture and in orthodox countries like in Russia or China people are disinclined to speak in any foreign tongue and this often creates confusion especially for a company like Commonwealth Bank that hails from a completely English speaking country (Singh et al., 2008). Employees of this organisation face problems working in foreign conditions as communication with consumers become a huge problem. On the other hand another key issue is internal communicat ion. Recruiting employees from different backgrounds and culture creates communication gap as well. As the company operates in different countries in Asia and Europe it faces problem of internal communication as well due to the lack of proper communication. For instances if a person is not acquainted with the culture of a particular society it will definitely be tough to communicate with them and hence this is extremely important for a company of the stature of Commonwealth Bank to understand. Another key cross cultural issue that is facing Commonwealth Bank is management issues (De Mooij Hofstede, 2010). In most of its global sites the company has put in managers from Australia. The problem of expatriate acceptance among employees often stands to be a key reason for the downfall of a company or the regression in the organisational performance. The expatriates posted in foreign conditions should be well aware of the market conditions and should focus on developing the communications with the employees especially the local employees so that a communal feeling is created among the management and workforce. The manager should be aware of the key determinants of culture which are language, religion, education, social structure which would help the managers to handle the issues of communication and confusions effectively (Ungar, 2008). Hierarchy plays an extremely important role in the process of communication and in case the employees are reluctant to communicate in other languages it could be a serious problem for the organisation Commonwealth Bank. The Commonwealth Bank faced significant problems with its expatriate managers operating in China and India as people there are educated and brought up with different culture and tend to be very orthodox mostly the Chinese people (Kirkman et al., 2009). Hence the expatriates will not be able to work if the employees or the consumers are not aware of the local culture and language. Getting respect is what these people want and hence especially in Chinese market Commonwealth Bank should be much more careful. The Chinese and US consumers are largely Ethnocentric and mostly disregard other religions and culture and hence in this scenario expatriates face humiliation regarding their language and religion and hence having a strong strategy to handle these aspects are extreme ly important for an organisation like Commonwealth Bank (Grisham Walker, 2008). Cross Cultural Problems and Impact on the Organisational Performance The Commonwealth Bank considers its workforce as one of the most important assets that the company has and also takes significant initiatives to keep that intact. Working in a cross cultural environment often it is seen there is cultural difference sometimes due to communication gap and sometimes for the differences in the ideologies teamwork is often affected. In the banking sector especially in top class multinational companies like Commonwealth Bank teamwork is extremely important and due to the cross cultural gaps communication is hindered which affects the decisions making of the organisation and this overall affects the movement of the organisation towards the objectives set in the global business. Poor communication is the root of all problems and it breaks the teamwork and the coordination (Caligiuri Tarique, 2012). When two persons from completely different backgrounds come together it becomes tough for them to understand and respect each others background and culture and t his directly affects the overall organisational performance as they feel reluctant to work with each other citing the personal problems. The ethnocentric mindset of the employees will affect organisational harmony as problems created due to culture will tear the unity of the workforce. It is extremely important for Commonwealth Bank to focus on improving the interpersonal communication but as long as the employees do not respect the cultures of each other it will remain the same for the company which will gradually lead to problems of performance, and the company will lose significant market share in the business (Rockstuhl et al., 2011). Consumers tend to lose customer loyalty when not communicated which naturally leads to failure of the organisation in the respective global market and also leads to internal turmoil for non-cooperation among employees. Conclusion Cross cultural issues seem to have a significant negative effect on the organisational performance of an organisation in this case Commonwealth Bank. It is extremely important for the organisation to focus on having a proper cross cultural strategic framework in place which would help to mitigate the cross cultural problems and will help to improve the organisational performance. The organisation Commonwealth Bank needs to address the different key cross cultural issues of communication, coordination and understanding and hence it is important for the organisation to implement certain key strategies to improve cross cultural management. Recommendations Based on the above issues these recommendations could be implemented to mitigate the cross cultural issues of Commonwealth Bank are discussed below: Cross Cultural Literacy is one of the key aspects that need to be implemented especially for managers to understand the cross cultural differences between two different markets. The managers should be provided with ample knowledge about different cultural practices which would help the managers to handle cross cultural business properly (Carbaugh, 2013). Inculcating cultural intelligence among the employees of the organisation Commonwealth Bank would help to improve the communication of the employees and managers working in a cross cultural society. In a company of multicultural background Cultural intelligence helps to assess the performance of the managers and employees in a given culture (Minkov Hofstede, 2011). Managing the attitude, and understanding cultural perspective and implementing cultural knowledge will help to improve the cross cultural communication and hence Commonwealth Bank Managers should be instilled with this knowledge. Having respect for people from different cultures will help to crack a good conversation effectively (Primecz et al., 2011). Constant monitoring of the cross cultural environment will help to get a lot of insights which would help the managers to implement them effectively (Huang, 2010). Understanding the labor laws, compensation practices and will help the company Commonwealth Bank to focus on improving their cross cultural practices effectively. Consistent training program and change in the expatriate managers of a particular global area with ample knowledge of the place will help to continue having a good relationship with the consumers as well with the market forces which will help to improve the overall organisational performance of the organisation Commonwealth Bank Australia (Shi Wang, 2011). References Sderberg, A. M., Holden, N. (2002). Rethinking cross cultural management in a globalizing business world.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management,2(1), 103-121. Hult, G. T. M., Ketchen Jr, D. J., Griffith, D. A., Finnegan, C. A., Gonzalez-Padron, T., Harmancioglu, N., ... Cavusgil, S. T. (2008). Data equivalence in cross-cultural international business research: assessment and guidelines.Journal of International Business Studies,39(6), 1027-1044. Peltokorpi, V. (2008). Cross-cultural adjustment of expatriates in Japan.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,19(9), 1588-1606. Thomas, D. C., Elron, E., Stahl, G., Ekelund, B. Z., Ravlin, E. C., Cerdin, J. L., ... Maznevski, M. (2008). Cultural intelligence: Domain and assessment.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management,8(2), 123-143. Testa, M. R. (2009). National culture, leadership and citizenship: Implications for cross-cultural management.International Journal of Hospitality Management,28(1), 78-85. Kirkman, B. L., Chen, G., Farh, J. L., Chen, Z. X., Lowe, K. B. (2009). Individual power distance orientation and follower reactions to transformational leaders: A cross-level, cross-cultural examination.Academy of Management Journal,52(4), 744-764. Stahl, G. K., Maznevski, M. L., Voigt, A., Jonsen, K. (2010). Unraveling the effects of cultural diversity in teams: A meta-analysis of research on multicultural work groups.Journal of international business studies,41(4), 690-709.. Zhu, Y., Bargiela-Chiappini, F. (2013). Balancing emic and etic: Situated learning and ethnography of communication in cross-cultural management education.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(3), 380-395. Mor, S., Morris, M. W., Joh, J. (2013). Identifying and training adaptive cross-cultural management skills: The crucial role of cultural metacognition.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(3), 453-475. Tung, R. L. (2008). The cross-cultural research imperative: The need to balance cross-national and intra-national diversity.Journal of International Business Studies,39(1), 41-46. Berry, H., Guilln, M. F., Zhou, N. (2010). An institutional approach to cross-national distance.Journal of International Business Studies,41(9), 1460-1480. Shi, X., Wang, J. (2011). Interpreting hofstede model and globe model: which way to go for cross-cultural research?.International journal of business and management,6(5), 93. Tung, R. L., Verbeke, A. (2010). Beyond Hofstede and GLOBE: Improving the quality of cross-cultural research.Journal of International Business Studies,41(8), 1259-1274. Singh, J., de los Salmones Sanchez, M. D. M. G., del Bosque, I. R. (2008). Understanding corporate social responsibility and product perceptions in consumer markets: A cross-cultural evaluation.Journal of Business Ethics,80(3), 597-611. Kawar, T. I. (2012). Cross-cultural differences in management.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(6). De Mooij, M., Hofstede, G. (2010). The Hofstede model: Applications to global branding and advertising strategy and research.International Journal of Advertising,29(1), 85-110. Ungar, M. (2008). Resilience across cultures.British journal of social work,38(2), 218-235. Primecz, H., Romani, L., Sackmann, S. (2009). Multiple perspectives in cross-cultural management.International journal of cross-cultural management,9(3), 267-274. Grisham, T., Walker, D. H. (2008). Cross-cultural leadership.International Journal of Managing Projects in Business,1(3), 439-445. Minkov, M., Hofstede, G. (2011). The evolution of Hofstede's doctrine.Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal,18(1), 10-20. Caligiuri, P., Tarique, I. (2012). Dynamic cross-cultural competencies and global leadership effectiveness.Journal of World Business,47(4), 612-622. Rockstuhl, T., Seiler, S., Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Annen, H. (2011). Beyond general intelligence (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ): The role of cultural intelligence (CQ) on cross?border leadership effectiveness in a globalized world.Journal of Social Issues,67(4), 825-840. Huang, L. (2010). Cross-cultural communication in business negotiations.International Journal of Economics and Finance,2(2), 196.

Essay on System Feedback Loops Essay Example

Essay on System Feedback Loops Essay System Feedback Loops Nutrisystem Incorporation Introduction An organization’s feedback basically refers to the set-up upon which undertakings, happenings or output from precedent events produce information that needs to be taken back into the system for proper synthesis. Such feedbacks tend to greatly influence the future occurrences of similar actions which created a continuation, generated feedback or even developed the same form of phenomenon experienced in the present or future periods. This depicts the characteristic of various business and organizational systems which structure events that seem to be part and parcel of the networked chain typically comprising of the cause and effect that form circuits or loops. Such amassing events are seen to positively or negatively feedback into themselves (Bellinger, 2004). Feedback is therefore a component of most organizational and business systems that ideally shape the organizations performances. However, systems are regarded as sets of interrelated parts or components which function like a single unit so as to accomplish common goals and objectives. Case grounds evidence Nearly all organizations yearn to advance their performances and this requires the management to effectively utilize feedbacks when making any indispensable adjustments. Feedbacks have been largely portrayed as workplace motivators for most employees since the reception of either negative or positive feedbacks educe diverse actions (Bellinger, 2004). In fact, feedback assists the management to make decisions on how it should be applied to the organization’s tasks. The response reception and its viable integration in all business undertakings is considered essential for an organization’s success, and as such, employees from an organization ought to learn to understand and accept various types of feedbacks. Thus, the ensuing feedbacks need to be analyzed and applied in an optimistic manner in an attempt to positively impact on a company’s future decision making. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on System Feedback Loops specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on System Feedback Loops specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on System Feedback Loops specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Quality management establishment in any organization requires a more comprehensive and clear understanding of the business dynamics that immensely determine the performance of an organization amidst shaping its operations. According to Yeung (1999) assertions, a profound understanding and proper analysis of the business dynamics as well as the performance levels help the management to identify the various bottlenecks which slow down the performance enhancement and equally lower efficiency. In essence, the identification of the actual hindrances to better performances facilitate the instigation of the deemed appropriate measures that ought to address the hindrances root causes rather than the practically observed signs of an organization’s dismal performance, and this consequently improves the performance levels. The pragmatic signs and symptoms in any organization that depicts under performance in addition to those that are effectively communicated to the management make up the feedback. Nevertheless, there exist several methods that are applicable when analyzing an organization’s business performance and dynamics. The widely embraced and functional organization diagnosis methods include Leavitt’s model, Weisbord six box model and the Nadler Tushman congruence model, just to state but a handful. Basically, each of these models integrates some feedback aspects that are used to obtain responses from different sectors that are connected to the business in order to set off positive restructuring within the organization’s businesses. Besides, the models can be used to identify any shortcomings and assist in initiating the requisite remedial measures needed to correct the emanating setbacks (Wyman, 2003). In this paper, NutrisystemInc feedback loops will be identif ied and critically explored to divulge the type of feedback they create and reveal the way they function. From Nadler Tushman congruence model, the three components which make up the interactive relations in NutrisystemInc’s system are the outputs namely the company’s overall performance, individual activities and group activities; inputs including environment, the organization’s history and resources; and the transformational processes such as inter relational assessments and evaluation (Wyman, 2003). This company’s inputs are generated from both the external and internal environment and they are thereafter synthesized to generate the enviable outputs which consist of steps that are to be implemented. The identified critical feedback loops in Nutrisystem Inc From NutrisystemInc, the eminent feedback loops radiates from the input and output sections and they involve both the transformational processes and the management analysis with respect to the initiation of action and decision making. The first feedback-loop joins the inputs to two other essential components in the model while the second feedback loop joins the outputs to two additional components of the system (Wyman, 2003). The first feedback-loop of NutrisystemInc inputs comprise of a set of variables that are at the company’s disposal and they can actually be used to shape NTRI’s performance and activities. The inputs consist of the resources, NTRI history and environment. The three components create balancing feedback loops that the company uses to make decisions within its transformational processes so as to produce the most suitable outputs that would augment NutrisystemInc’s performance. Taking the environment as an example, it consists of businesses of s imilar nature that operates in the same area, the general population, political, social and economic constraints along with consumers commodities offered within NTRI’s immediate locality. The feedbacks are specifically from the suppliers, customers, the competitors as well as the governmental regulatory agencies. The feedbacks in NTRI’s loops can be illustrated through the competitors’ actions geared towards lowering the products prices. This type of feedback emanating from the environmental input portion would be received by the NTRI’s management and will be utilized in the transformation system to establish the prices that needs to be implemented on the outputs or produced products. In this case, the output is greatly affected by the feedback ensuing from the environment. Conversely, when the regulatory agencies sets up control measures such as prohibiting the production of some weight loss products or bans certain packaging wrappers, the response will be received as a feedback from environmental input aspect, and it will in turn affect how NTRI package the products and consequently the outputs. The outputs elements in the second feedback loop also dubbed as reinforcing loop are the main feedback generators. In fact the response is relayed into the company’s system so that it is applied in the NTRI’s transformational processes. The output comprises of the company’s overall performance in addition to what the business produces. The entire company’s system is mostly evaluated on the basis of the products and services generated alongside the performance of individual employees and tasks units found within NutrisystemInc. Outputs are measured in terms of revenue gains, shareholder returns, profits or market share. A decline in the market share and profits represents a form of feedback which may be generated from the system’s output section. This kind of feedback found within the second-loop will eventually be received by NTRI’s management. Therefore, it will be used in the company’s transformational processes to instig ate suitable counteractive actions that will guarantee better performance which will in turn expand the company’s market share and increase its profitability (Thomson Reuters, 2011). See appendices for a Causal Loop Diagram The theory of organizational learning Organizational learning is widely considered as a study field in the organizational theory that addresses various models and theories of how an organization typically adapts after critically learning from their respective operational environment. Basically, learning is an essential part of an acclimatized business organization. Therefore, in accordance with this theory, any business organization is presumed to sense the changes that occur and consequently detect signals surrounding their operational milieu and then act accordingly to aptly adapt to the ever changing environment (Larsen et al., 1999). The accruing signals and changes could possibly originate either internally or externally. However, the organizational development specialists seem to assist their customers to learn through familiarity and experience so that they stand a chance of using whatever information they acquire via the learning process as feedbacks to amicably develop some suitable transformational measures whi ch eventually enhance their better performance. The organizational learning may equally consist of the individuals learning processes within the organizations. In most cases, the individual learning process tend to fall within the human resources domain that appear to perform activities related to the augmentation of employees skills, work experience, staff training and formal education. The sensation of a business organization is thus based on the knowledge and expertise of its employees, and hence individual learning must be encouraged as a way of improving the organizational performance. Various models have been designed to assist organizations instigate their organizational learning, and they include Kim (1993), Bontis and Serenko (2009b), Argyris and Schon (1978) as well as Bontis and Serenko (2009a). The organizational learning theory is well illustrated in the way through which a feedback loop works (Yeung, 1999). The opportunities for organizational learning in the Feedback Loops From the first feedback-loop where the response is created from NutrisystemIncorporation inputs, the company has been capable of learning and responding from the weight loss products market demands and customers reaction. In contrast, the second feedback loop helps NTRI to learn from the ensuing market expansion opportunities, price setting trends and product differentiation which may create both negative and positive feedbacks. Making a case Nutrisystem Incorporation (NTRI) is a freely traded company commonly listed in the NASDAQ. It forms the basis of an organization being studied in this case. NTRI offers different weight management commodities mainly in Canada and United States. The weight management programs are counseling, pre-packed food programs and online tools. Monthly food packages which entails a twenty eight-day supply of desserts, lunches, dinners and breakfast that perfectly supplement the customers with dairy, vegetables, fresh fruit, low carbohydrate glycemic items and salad are also provided (Thomson Reuters, 2011). NTRI directly sells its pre-packed foods to weight loss plan participants via internet, telephone and a television shopping system dubbed QVC. The detailed issues that transpire in NutriSystem, Inc are discussed below. Warrant:since there are two feedback loops at NutrisystemInc, the feedback loops will be identified and critically explored to divulge the type of response they create, the learning opportunities and reveal the way they function. Claim: the organizational learning opportunities and responses mainly accrue from the reinforcing feedback loop-second loop and the balancing loop-first feedback loop. Grounds: The customers in the weight loss products savvy markets desire quality, customers’ product orientation, properly tendered services, multi substitutable and low priced products. NutrisystemInc has been able to affably learn from these kinds of customers’ desires and subsequently produces weight loss products that would help its clients to maximally attain their weight loss goals at the least cost possible. In fact, this has been the compelling force behind the formulation and production of weight loss products. Besides, NutrisystemInc was capable of learning that it had a modest capacity for expansion, dismal market share, research potential and smaller clients-market networks that would boost its market performance. The company therefore opted to offer differentiated products and accepted a merger entry option with Weight Watchers International, Inc. to expand its market and operational base. The undertaken activities mainly originate in response to the market feedback. NTRI has thus been able to affably learn from its milieu while the learning activities have allowed it to make transformational steps. Moreover, the stagnation in NTRI’s weight loss products market might have generated feedbacks which elicited the need for market expansion, product differentiation and sifting for more research resources to help the company expand and gain a competitive base so that it can rival other market players that already have dominant market shares. The merger might be perceived as a transformational tread towards assisting NTRI achieve the set goal of attaining greater market share. Other activities that NTRI undertakes indicate that the company is very responsive to changes and signals that accrue within its operational environment. This is well illustrated through the company’s research and design of weight loss products and marketing facilities. The present trend o f online and offline marketing, and considerate counseling has been part of company’s biggest quest geared towards creating products that would fit the clients’ needs in the weight loss products market. Conclusion Hence, balancing loop offers NutrisystemIncthe capacity to effectively learn from various clients and market players with respect to what they desire in order to for it to tailor its services and products to fit market demands. For instance, crave to have weight loss products that are cheap while fulfill the clients needs is a learning opportunity for NTRI to tailor it research activities towards the production of products that are compatible with its operational platforms. Conversely, from the reinforcing loop, the verity that NTRI is incapable of capturing a larger market share ought to act as a drive behind the company’s movement towards tendering commodities that may out-compete weight loss products produced by other market competitors.

Values Clarification essays

Values Clarification essays The corruption of Americas youth is a popular topic today in the media, among lawmakers, and with concerned parents. Often the good old days of generations past are looked upon with longing because of their simpler ways. Decades ago the largest problems in schools were talking out in class, not paying attention, and forgetting to do homework. Todays problems are violence, teen pregnancy, drug and alcohol abuse, and delinquency in general. Everyone believes these issues are a result of something different: bad home lives, lack of religious ideals, the media, the wrong education or no education at all. Throughout the years, moral education has been looked to as both an answer and cause. Schooling in morals and values that is provided to youth can be categorized (somewhat) two ways: values clarification education and character education. I believe that the extremes of both of these options are not the answer. Concentration on values clarification education, with some indirect cha racter education woven into the general curriculum, is the most practical answer to this on-going argument. Not all people are familiar with values clarification and character education, so it is necessary to specify the standpoint of both positions, neither of which I agree with completely. Values clarification education (V.C.) was a popular way of teaching values education in the 1960s and 1970s. Now referred to as non-directive education, it is a system where students are not told which ways of living, thinking, and feeling are right and wrong. Instead they are encouraged to explore their own personal values and become familiar and comfortable with them. Through this process the youth has formulated a strong set of beliefs that are entirely their own, allowing them to adhere firmly to their values. This is a relativist way of viewing ethical thought because each situation is relative to its own circumstances. ...

Free Essays on America During The 1960s

America During The 1960’s The 1960’s were a time of peace, love, riots, assassinations, and an unpopular war. The decade began under the Cold War with the Soviet Union. John F. Kennedy gave hope to many. Free speech, civil rights, women and peace movements helped bring the American society toward progress. By the end of the decade, over 500,000 Americans had been sent to the war in Vietnam which was fought for the struggle for equality and left the nation divided. Bay of Pigs On April 17th 1961, the invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs began. Kennedy was convinced that Fidel Castro lacked support from the Cuban people. So Kennedy allowed the invasion to go through. Little did he know the Cubans were well prepared. Within seventy-two hours of invasion, 1500 men were defeated by the Cubans. By the last day of the invasion, a total of 114 men were killed while thirty-six died as prisoners in Cuban cells. The failure of the invasion led to the poor judgment of Kennedy along with the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency). Cuban Missile Crisis With all the tension already from the 1961 Cuban invasion, Kennedy found out that Premier Khrushchev had placed weapons in Cuba. Kennedy called a meeting with a group of his closest advisors along with his brother Robert, the attorney general. On October 22, 1962, Kennedy announced the presence of the Soviet missile launch pads to the nation. JFK Assassination On the morning of November 22, 1963, Kennedy arrived at Dallas, Texas approximately 11:40 AM and was welcomed by the people of the city. Along with Kennedy was Governor John Connelly and their wives as they were about to be driven to the Trade Mart where Kennedy was scheduled to make a speech between liberal and conservative elements within the American Democratic party. Still five minutes away from the Trade Mart, his car was turning down Elm Street. While Kennedy was acknowledging everyone, several loud noises sounding like firecracker... Free Essays on America During The 1960s Free Essays on America During The 1960s America During The 1960’s The 1960’s were a time of peace, love, riots, assassinations, and an unpopular war. The decade began under the Cold War with the Soviet Union. John F. Kennedy gave hope to many. Free speech, civil rights, women and peace movements helped bring the American society toward progress. By the end of the decade, over 500,000 Americans had been sent to the war in Vietnam which was fought for the struggle for equality and left the nation divided. Bay of Pigs On April 17th 1961, the invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs began. Kennedy was convinced that Fidel Castro lacked support from the Cuban people. So Kennedy allowed the invasion to go through. Little did he know the Cubans were well prepared. Within seventy-two hours of invasion, 1500 men were defeated by the Cubans. By the last day of the invasion, a total of 114 men were killed while thirty-six died as prisoners in Cuban cells. The failure of the invasion led to the poor judgment of Kennedy along with the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency). Cuban Missile Crisis With all the tension already from the 1961 Cuban invasion, Kennedy found out that Premier Khrushchev had placed weapons in Cuba. Kennedy called a meeting with a group of his closest advisors along with his brother Robert, the attorney general. On October 22, 1962, Kennedy announced the presence of the Soviet missile launch pads to the nation. JFK Assassination On the morning of November 22, 1963, Kennedy arrived at Dallas, Texas approximately 11:40 AM and was welcomed by the people of the city. Along with Kennedy was Governor John Connelly and their wives as they were about to be driven to the Trade Mart where Kennedy was scheduled to make a speech between liberal and conservative elements within the American Democratic party. Still five minutes away from the Trade Mart, his car was turning down Elm Street. While Kennedy was acknowledging everyone, several loud noises sounding like firecracker...

The Restructuring Sony Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

The Restructuring Sony Corporation - Case Study Example Another reason was to adjust the corporation to market changes. The 2001 restructuring is an example of a restructuring that was done to adjust to new market realities. 3. The restructuring efforts at Sony were realized to make the company more flexible and adaptive. As a conglomerate, the different types of businesses needed their own autonomy. The restructures at Sony decentralized the decision-making process. The unified dispersed management model was very effective at creating greater autonomy. 4. At Sony due to the segmentation of businesses and the decentralized nature of the operation, there was a lot of cultural diversity. Each business unit had its own corporate culture. The managers operated each business unit in an independent manner to a certain degree.  5. I believe that the dominant business culture at Sony is innovation. The reason for innovation and research and development is so important for Sony is because the company has so many different types of products and services.

Role of IMF in poverty alleviation Research Paper

Role of IMF in poverty alleviation - Research Paper Example PRGF supported programs were derived from a member’s PRSP that ensured that the reforms it supported were owned by the county and oriented to realizing economic growth and poverty reduction goals (Vreeland 3). Although it may be too early to appraise the new framework’s success in achieving the objectives, it is time to evaluate progress to this day and discover shortcomings that may need course corrections in the initiative’s design and implementation. The IMF was initiated at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944 and created by 29 countries in 1945. The international organization’s main objective was to help in the construction of international payment system after the Second World War. Member countries help to contribute funds through a quota system where countries that face payment imbalances can borrow money and other resources. Through the fund, and surveillance of member countries economies and self-correcting policies demand, the organization works to recover the economies of member countries. IMF headquarters is in Washington, D.C. (Jensen 3). The IMF works to promote world’s monetary cooperation and ensures that there is a financial stability, aid international trade, assists in employment issues and economic growth to alleviate poverty in the world. The IMF objectives are in the Articles of Agreement; they are: promoting international economic co-operation, employment, international trade, and the stability of the exchange rate by making finances available to members in order to meet the needs of the balance of payments (Woods 2). The IMF fosters economic stability and global growth. The organization offers advice to policy matters and financial support to member countries that are in economic difficulties. IMF works together with developing countries to help them achieve economic stability and poverty reduction. The justification for this support is that international capital markets work imperfectly, and

Article Review Essay Example for Free

Article Review Essay Conducting their study as the transitional funding attached to the peace process in Northern Ireland is reaching its end, the authors examine the role of aid in conflict resolution particularly with regards to intangible outcomes such as identity formation. The idea behind this funding is that it reduces economic disparities between the conflicting groups and that the economic growth started by this funding will continue into the future. These funds come from the International Fund for Ireland (IFI), which addressed unemployment and poverty in Republican / Loyalist communities; the Peace I funds, which promoted social inclusion, cross-community contact, and economic development; and the Peace II funds (ended in 2006), which had similar goals to Peace I but targeted local, grassroots (nongovernmental) organizations. The authors also consider the role of external agencies as they intervene in ethnopolitical conflict and the importance of community development in the peace process. The authors are careful to note that economic aid is not a magic cure for conflict as this aid, if improperly administered, can at times heighten underlying conflicts. Indeed, in Northern Ireland, the approach has had mixed results. In designing their study, the authors took both a qualitative and quantitative approach. For the qualitative portion, the authors interviewed 98 community leaders, civil servants, and development officers from Belfast, Londonderry/Derry, and the Border region (Northern Ireland). These interviews consisted of semi-structured questions, including those attached to the Cantril Self-Anchoring Striving Scale: â€Å"What are your best wishes and hopes for your personal future? What are your worst fears and worries about your personal future? What are your best wishes and hopes for the future of your country? What are your worst fears and worries about the future of your country? † (page 166). The quantitative data was drawn from the summer 2006 Northern Ireland Public Opining Survey. The sample consisted of 1,023 adults representative of Northern Ireland’s adult population. The study as a whole was designed to look at the respondents hopes and fears about Northern Ireland’s future. Through the inclusion of qualitative data, the authors hoped to demarginalize voices that are often not heard in the official discourses of the peace process. This study yielded numerous tantalizing findings. First, the authors found that more Nationalists than Unionists imagine a future where conflicting groups are able to perceive a sense of shared community. Second, the authors found differences based on gender: more females than males saw the opportunity for building new relationships amongst communities in the future. Third, the authors found two common fears / concerns that extend across religions, genders, and ages: the fear that violence in changing the social fabric of Northern Ireland and the belief that politicians are disingenuous and not interested in serving the needs of their constituency. Fourth, the authors found that more Nationalists than Unionists saw the modernization of the economy and the political structure as means by which to support the peace process. Finally, the authors found that younger adults were more concerned about the potential failure of the peace process and the economy than older adults The authors consider numerous theories about identity formation. In designing their study, they took into consideration geographic differences in identity formation: i. e. Londonderry/Derry vs. Belfast and urban vs. rural locations. They also consider how the Irish view immigration and the infiltration of outside values. In general, this article is not convincing. Its primary strength is the detailed background to the conflicts in Northern Ireland, with a focus on the economic causes and effects of this conflict. This strength does not mitigate the effects of the article’s numerous weaknesses. First, the authors do not explicitly state their hypothesis. While exploratory studies such as this one can potentially reveal valuable information, the authors nowhere state the reasons behind the study. When questions such as identity formation are being explored, the readers need to know the authors’ relationship to the issue. For example, are the authors somehow involved in this ethnopolitical conflict? Or, are they looking at it from the perspective of an outsider? If they are outsiders, does their perspective have a bearing on how the respondents answer their questions? Second, the authors explicitly state that they wish to demarginalize those voices that are not typically heard in the official peace process discourse. However, in selecting the respondents for the qualitative portion of the study, the authors chose community leaders, civil servants, and development officers. It would seem that these are precisely the voices that are heard in the official discourse. Readers are left to wonder why the authors did not include a more representative sample of the population of Northern Ireland for this portion of the study. Third, this does not seem to be a study that was designed specifically to answer certain questions. As noted, the authors nowhere state a hypothesis. For the reader, it appears that the quantitative and qualitative data seems to have been mixed together ad hoc. In other words, the study does not seem to be designed to fit a specific question. Rather, the authors appear to have attempted to answer questions based on the information they had at hand. Fourth, as the basis for this study was largely to examine economic role of the peace process, it seems like a gross oversight that the authors did not provide data on their respondents’ demographics. In the discussion section, the authors indicate that they collected background demographic information (political party, religious views, age, gender, socioeconomic status) on the respondents, but this information was not included in the results section and does not appear to have been considered in any significant way. Finally, the analysis of the qualitative data seems a bit lacking. It would perhaps have been stronger to indentify the common themes and subthemes of the responses, rather than using the responses as illustrative examples. Because of these specific weakness as well as the authors’ failure to mention the limitations of their study and to provide specific recommendations for how their results can be used to generate future studies and/or to impact the peace process, this article is not convincing.

Speak Essays -- essays research papers

Speak, by Laurie Halse Anderson, is first-person narrative about overcoming our habits and misfortunes. It takes place at Merryweather High over the course of a year. The main character, Melinda, is a fourteen year-old, who is just starting high school. She is introduced, at first, as someone who doesn’t speak to anyone, almost, at all. All the other people in the high school seem to detest her. They say hateful things to her and throw objects at her. She seems not bothered by any of this. She is in her own being.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the story progresses clues to why people hate her so much are revealed. There is mentioning of a party that Melinda, some how, ruined. People say that they or someone they knew got in trouble at the party. Melinda wants to forget that party. She blocks it out of her head. At every mention of that night Melinda cringes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Melinda doesn’t like school. She hates the people and despises the classes. All of the classes except art. She loves her art class. Their assignment for the year is to create a piece of art, depicting a given image, that makes a statement. Melinda’s object is a tree. She has trouble with the tree.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Melinda starts school off in a bad way. She continuously gets in trouble with numerous teachers. She never does any homework. She mostly takes naps. Worst of all, in her mind, she has no friends. This does not change until she meets Heather, the new girl. Heather is...

To What Extent Did the American Revolution?

DbKatie Gordon APUSH Mr. Vieira September 24, 2012 DBQ: To what extent did the American Revolution fundamentally change American society? In your answer, be sure to address the political, social and economic effects of the Revolution in the period from 1775 to 1800. After the American Revolution, Americans, who were free of British control, started to reevaluate politics, the economy and society. After breaking away from what they thought was a corrupt and evil government, Americans changed how they wanted to govern their society, even though they ultimately reverted to a more centralized government similar to Britain.The uneducated masses, as viewed by the elite, didn’t experience a lot of change though the ideals from the revolution still guided some to seek better financial opportunities. Women, slaves, and loyalist experienced a considerable amount of change in society as women experienced more freedoms, some slaves were set free, and loyalist left America. Overall, Americ a didn’t experience a lot of economic change, but it did experience, to varying degrees, political and social change. Politically speaking, the Americans did not want their government to resemble that of the British government.Which brings about the development of the Articles of Confederation. However, there were many holes in the Articles: there was no executive branch, the federal government could not implement taxes and overall the government did not have much centralized power. Everyone knew that a change needed to be supplemented and quick. This brings about the writing and ratification of the Constitution. In order to persuade states to ratify the Constitution, Alexander Hamilton wrote and circulated the Federalist Papers.James Madison also writes, â€Å"ambition must be made to counteract ambition† (Document I), insinuating the system of checks and balances that the Constitution insures. This active separation of power was pivotal in the ratification of the Con stitution, which contrasted the American government from the British government. Americans did not experience much change economically. The Philadelphia society for the promotion of agriculture in 1786, handed out a medal, which said, â€Å"venerate the plough† (Document F). This demonstrates how the elite were still â€Å"rewarding† the common people who weren’t financially better off than before the revolution.Similarly, in Shay’s Rebellion farmers led by the ex-military officer â€Å"[stopped] the courts of justice in several counties†¦crying out for a paper currency, [or] for an equal distribution of power† (Document G). A particular example of the downfall of American economy was Shay’s rebellion. This represented economic strife that the common people were enduring and ultimately rebelled. Two important socio-economic issues the founding fathers discussed were the rights of women and slavery. Women’s roles increased greatly during the revolution. While me were away fighting or running the country, women were at home running and defending the farm.This can be seen in the woodcut (Document A) and in Abigail Adam’s letters to Thomas Jefferson (Document G). Women had, for a time, the right to vote in New Jersey. The revolution also increased the education of women and encouraged them to be more involved in public life. However, all women were not content to go back to their household chores after the revolution as seen by Molly Wallace who says â€Å"if [taught] to read, why not speak? † (Document J), illustrating how some women wanted to further their domestic roles and play a larger role in society.Women were not ultimately granted the right to vote until many years later, but that foundation started during the American Revolution. The practice of slavery was common during the time period of the American Revolution in the colonies and in Europe. At the time, it was the primary economic eng ine in the south and Caribbean. American revolutionaries thought about the morals of slavery, but were unable to change much at this time. However, slavery could be banned in the Northwest Territories, where it wasn’t too important to that region’s economy.The Northwest Ordinance specifically says, â€Å"There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in said territory† (Document H). Although the revolution was not directly able to ban slavery, it cased the issue and allowed future generations to solve it. The revolution also enabled religious freedom to be written into the fabric of our nation. Many European nations had state religions of this time. Some of the first settlers to the colonies came in search of religious freedom. However, some of them instituted theocratic governments once here. But the revolution showed that America was a melting pot of ideas and people.They believed that our government should not sponsor one particular religion. Virgin ia enacted such a law in 1786. Politically Americans experienced some change by forging a new government even though they revised it in the end. Economically, the common people, who fought for better lifestyles, still lived under the heel of the elites. However a significant amount of change occurred for women, slaves and loyalist, although the loyalist position in changed in society in a very negative manner. In these ways American society experienced change in respect to political and social life, but not economically.

Cool Runnings Essay

In the film ‘Cool Runnings’ directed by Job Turteltaub had taught me many valuable lessons for future life. Also a character had stood out for me whom is known as Derice, which had taught me even more. He has taught me about commitment, determination and also leadership and this is how it has compacted for myself. To begin with, Derice showed me that commitment could take me to the ultimate limit. Turteltaub used techniques such as close-ups on Derice’s running shoes and his face. Meanwhile, as Derice is getting ready and focussing on his position, the setting is a beautiful tropical island and an amazing ocean view, which tells me that he must be a local that lives in the beautiful island. Turteltaub also showed when Derice’s passion and commitment had impacted on his image it had stood out quite clearly, even though his gears were tiny rocks and a toilet paper roll in the beginning. Doesn’t mean it could be consistent throughout his life. One day he could become an Olympic Champion which supports the Olympic Value – pursuit of excellence and fair play. It’s important for teens like myself to learn these valuable lessons because starting a career, dream or passion now could have a huge impact on what it’s going to be like in the future. Lots of us teens are going through rejections and low self-esteem so by following my dreams is what I’m going to be heading for. Secondly, Turteltaub had showed me about determination. He also used techniques such as close-up of Derice’s face and Irving Blitzer (legendary Bobsled double gold medallist) as Derice was trying to pursue Irv to be the first time Jamaican Bobsled coach. But Irv has been consistently rejecting his offer. Turteltaub has shown how Derice had felt afterwards, after facing his loss in the qualifying round for track racing. He was determined to find a way to get back into the Olympics. This emphasises that giving up your dream is an easy thing to do, because that is like a short cut for being negative, but by committing and being determined harder, at least you’re going somewhere, which follows the Olympic value – pursuit of excellence. It’s important to learn these valuable lessons because as a teen myself, I’ve been doubted in many different ways throughout my life, but because I’ve been determined to make a change and prove them wrong, that was exactly what I’ve done because I have been true to myself and standing against negativity. Thirdly, Turteltaub taught me about leadership. He showed this when Derice (close-up shot) had to lead by example when his whole boblsled team crashed.

10 Ways Identity Thieves Can Get Your Information

10 Ways Identity Thieves Can Get Your Information Identity theft is when someone fraudulently uses your personal information, such as your name, date of birth, Social Security number, and address, for their financial gain. These uses might include  to obtain credit, get a loan, open a bank, or a credit card account or obtain an I.D. card. If you become  the victim of identity theft, chances are it will cause severe damage to your finances and your good name, especially if you do not find out about it immediately. Even if you catch it quickly, you can spend months and thousands of dollars trying to repair the damage done to your credit rating. You can even find yourself accused of a crime you did not commit because someone used your personal information to perpetrate the crime in your name. Consequently, it is vital in todays electronic age to protect your information as best you can. Unfortunately, there are thieves out there just waiting for you to make a mistake or get careless. There are different ways that identity thieves go about stealing the personal information of others. Here are the most common methods used by identity thieves and ways for you to avoid becoming their victim. Dumpster Diving Dumpster diving is when someone  goes through trash looking for personal information that can be used for identity theft purposes. Identity thieves look for credit card bills, bank statements, medical bills and insurance, and old financial forms such as old tax forms. Stealing Your Mail Identity thieves will often target a person and steal mail directly from their mailbox. Thieves will also have all of the mail redirected through a change of address request made at the post office. The identity thieves are looking for bank statements, credit card bills, tax information, medical information, and personal checks. Stealing Your Wallet or Purse Identity thieves thrive by illegally obtaining personal information from others, and what better place to get it but from a purse or a wallet. A drivers license, credit cards, debit cards, and bank deposit slip, are like gold to identity thieves. You Are a Winner! Identity thieves use the temptation of prize winnings to lure people into giving them their personal and credit card information over the phone. The identity thief will tell the person that they have won a contest for a free vacation or some grand gift, but that they need to verify personal information, including their date of birth,  to prove they are over 18-years-of-age. They will explain that the vacation is free, except for the sales tax, and ask for the winner to provide them with a credit card. They usually make it sound like a decision must be made immediately, or the person will lose the prize. Skimming Debit or Credit Card Numbers Skimming is when thieves use a data storage device to capture the information from the magnetic strip of the credit, debit or ATM card at an ATM or during an actual purchase.   When skimming from an ATM, thieves will attach card readers (called skimmers) over the real terminal card reader and harvest data from every card that is swiped. Some thieves place a fake PIN pad over the real one to capture victims PINs (personal  identification  numbers) as they enter it. Another common way to do this is by installing tiny cameras to capture the PIN entered on the number pad. Shoulder surfing, which is when a person reads over the shoulder of the card user, is also a common way to obtain personal identification numbers. Once the thief has returned to the ATM and collected the file of stolen information, they can log into an ATM and steal money from the harvested accounts. Other thieves clone the credit cards to sell or for personal use. Skimming  can occur anytime someone with a digital card reader gains access to your credit or debit cards. It can be done easily  when the card is surrendered, such as in restaurants where it common practice for a waiter to take the card to another area to swipe it. Phishing Phishing is a scam in which the identity thief sends an email falsely claiming to be from a legitimate organization, government agency or bank, to lure the victim into surrendering personal information such as a  bank account number, credit card number or passwords. Often the email will send victims to a phony website that is designed to look like the real business or government agency. eBay, PayPal, and MSN are regularly used in phishing scams. ​Obtaining Your Credit Report Some identity thieves will obtain a copy of your credit report by posing as your employer or rental agent. This will give them access to your credit history including your credit cards numbers and loan information. Business Records Theft Business records theft involves the theft of files, hacking into electronic files or bribing an employee for access to files at a business. Identity thieves will sometimes go  through the trash of a business to get employee records which often contain social security numbers and customer information from charge receipts. Corporate Data Breaches A corporate data breach is when a corporations protected and confidential information is copied, viewed or stolen by someone who is unauthorized to obtain the information. The information can be personal or financial including names, addresses, telephone numbers, social security numbers, personal health information, banking information, credit history, and more. Once this information has been released, it will likely never be recovered and the individuals affected are at an increased risk of having their identities stolen.   Pretexting Pretexting is the practice of obtaining someones personal information using illegal tactics, then selling the information to people who will use it to, among other things,  steal the persons identity, Pretexters may call and claim that they are calling from the cable company and doing a service survey. After exchanging pleasantries, they would ask  about any recent cable problems, and then ask if you mind completing a short survey. They may offer to update your records, including the best time of the day to provide service to you and the obtain  your name, address and telephone number. People will often volunteer information to cheerful, helpful company representatives who are good listeners. Armed with the personal information,  the  pretexter may then decide to  search for public information about you, and learn your age, if you are a homeowner, if you paid your taxes, places that you lived before, and the names of your adult children. They may look at your social media profile to learn about your work history and the college that you attended. They will then call companies you are associated with to gain enough information to get access to your  financial information, health records, and  social security number.

59 Great Medical Programs for High School Students + Advice

59 Great Medical Programs for High School Students + Advice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Thinking about a career in medicine? I highly recommend trying out some medical experiences in high school before committing to a pre-med track. Many of my high school friends whohoped to go into medicine ended up changing their major duringcollege when the pre-med courses got too difficult. Doing a medicalinternship, summer program, or community service projectin high school can help you decide if medicine is the right track for you before you waste time and money goingpre-med in college.This guide will explainwhat experiences are open to you as a high school student, what those experiences involve, andhow youwill benefit from them. What Medical Experiences Are Available to High School Students? There are lots of ways to get a taste of it's like to work in medicine.In my opinion, the best time to do this is over the summer. You have the most free time during the summer, and there are more experiences available. There are many summer medical programs and summer medical internships for high school students across the country. These opportunities range from research experiences to in-hospital experiences. Some of these programs and internships charge you a fee to attend, some are paid for, and some even pay you to attend. I’ve compiled a list of over 50 summer medical programsfor high school students.Severalof these programs and internships are just for students from a specific state or area.Check specific programs for application requirements and fees. I've provided links to each program below. If you’d like to get experience during the school year (on weekends and after school), you should consider shadowing a doctor or volunteering at a hospital.I’ll discuss the details of volunteering and job shadowing later in the article. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. List of Summer Medical Programs for High School Students I've divided up the summer medical programs into three categories: Medical Programs, Medical Research Programs, and general Science Research Programs. Medical Programs In the medical programs category, I list programs that offer high school students the chance to get hands-on experience in medicine (non-research related) such aslearning simple medical procedures, watching surgeries, shadowing doctors, workingin hospitals, interacting with patients, and more. There are very few programs that offer this type of experience to high school students, and Ihighly recommend them since they'll give you the most realistic look atwhat life's like as a pre-medstudent,medical student, and medical professional. Program Host Institute/Hospital Location Cost Program Length High School Senior Summer Internship Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH No cost. Interns are paid up to $1,368 8 weeks Medical Immersion Summer Academy Mentoring in Medicine and Science Oakland, CA $1,000 5 days Medicine Health Care Program National Student Leadership Council Various universities throughout the US $3,195- $3,495 9 days Stanford Medical Youth Science Program Stanford University Stanford, CA No cost 5 weeks Summer Medical Academy Rady Children's Hospital and UC San Diego San Diego, CA $2,450 12 days UPenn Medicine Summer Program for High School Students University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA $7,995-$8,510 4 weeks Medical Research Programs If you're unable to do one of the above medical programs, the next best thing is a medical research program. In these programs, you'll be working in a lab and helping with medical research that's in progress (i.e. looking at slides under a microscope, recording changes)or assisting with on-going clinical research (i.e. interviewing participants in an on-going trial of new medication, logging participant information in the computer). Many of these programs pair you with a mentor who works at your location. Also, several of these programs require you to give a presentation at the end of the program. These medical research programs are extremely valuable because, as a pre-med student, you'll likely end up doing lab work either for class or as an extracurricularforyour medical school application.If you do one of these programs in high school, you'll be a step ahead of your pre-med classmates. (One quick note: many of these programs are free or pay stipends, but not every program provides free housing. Make sure you check each program's housing accommodations before you apply!) Program Host Institute/Hospital Location Cost Program Length Summer Science Internship Program Arthritis Foundation California No cost. Interns are paid $1,500 7weeks Summer Scholars Biology Research Immersion Program Buck Institute for Research on Aging Novato, CA $2,500 8 weeks Disease Detective Camp Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC Atlanta, Georgia No cost 5 days Summer Child Health Research Internship Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora, CO No cost. Interns are paid $3,500 8 weeks Summer Research Program Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute Oakland, CA No cost 9 weeks Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH No costs. Interns receive a stipend of up to $3,078 9 weeks City of Hope Cancer Center Eugene and Ruth Roberts Summer Student Academy Duarte, CA No cost. Students receive a stipend of $4,000 10 weeks Summer Experience for Students Coriell Institute for Medical Research Camden, NJ No cost. Students receive a stipend of $1,000 3.5 weeks Initiative to Eliminate Cancer Disparities, The Continuing Umbrella of Research Experiences CURE(Summer Only) Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center Boston, MA No cost. 8-12 weeks Summer Research Program Indiana University Cancer Center Indianapolis, IN No cost. 8weeks High School Summer Internship Program Magee Women's Research Institute Pittsburgh, PA No cost. 4 weeks Summer Research Internship Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience Jupiter, FL No cost.Students are paid $.50/hour. 6 weeks Summer Internships for High School and College Students McLaughlin Research Institute Great Falls, MT No cost. 8 weeks High School Summer Program MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX No cost. 6weeks Diversity Summer Enrichment Programs Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI No cost. Students receive a stipendat the end of the program. 6 weeks Werner H. Kirsten Student Intern Program National Cancer Institute Frederick, MD No cost. Students receive a $3,600 stipend 8 weeks NEI Summer Intern Program National Eye Institute Bethesda, MD Rockville, MD No cost. Students receive a monthly stipend. 8-12 weeks Summer Internship Program in Biomedical Research NIH Bethesda, MD No cost. Students receive amonthly stipend of $1,930. minimum of 8 weeks Summer Student Program National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases Bethesda, MD No cost. Students receive amonthly stipend of $1,930. minimum 8 weeks National Institute on Drug Abuse: Summer Research with NIDA NIDA Various universities throughout the US No cost. Interns are paid $12 an hour. 8 weeks NIDDK Short-term Education Program for Underrepresented Persons STEP-UP - High School Program National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, MD No cost. Students receive a stipend (amount varies) 8-10 weeks Summer Internship Program National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Research Triangle Park, NC No cost. Students are paid per hour (salary varies) 8 weeks Summer Program in the Neurological Sciences National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Bethesda, MD No cost. Students receive a stipend. minimum 8 weeks Summer Cancer Research Experience Program for High School Students Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo, NY No cost.Limited, need-based stipends available. 7 weeks Stanford Institutes of Medicine Summer Research Program Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA No cost. Students receive stipends from $500 to $1500 8 weeks Summer Student Program The Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor, ME andFarmington, CT No cost. Students receive a stipend of $5,250 10 weeks Helios Scholars Program Translational Genomics Research Institute Phoenix, AZ No cost. Students are paid $10.50 an hour 8 weeks High School Student Research Apprentice Program University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT $2,050minimum, with discounts for students who enroll in multiple sessions. 1-4 weeks Summer Cancer Research Internship for High School and Undergraduate Students University of Hawaii, Cancer Center Honolulu, HI No cost. Students are paid $10.60 an hour. 8weeks Summer Research Scholars Program University of Minnesota Medical School, Lillehei Heart Institute Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN No cost. Students receive a stipend of $3,000. 9 weeks Travis B. Lewis High School Scholarship Award Program University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology Experimental Neuroscience Omaha, NE No cost. Students receive a stipend of $1,500. up to 10 weeks Biomedical Research Training for High School Students University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX No cost. 8 weeks Summer Fellowship Program in Biomedical Research Wistar Institute Philadelphia, PA No cost. Students receive a stipend (amount varies). 8weeks Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Science Research Programs If you can't do one of the medical research or medical programs, you should consider trying to do a science summer program/internship. These programs are not medicine-specific and cover a wide range of science topics (from plant life to space). However, these programs are still very valuable because as a pre-med student, you'll be learning a ton ofscience. As a part of your pre-med track, you'll be required to take Biology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry, and more. Doing one of these science programs willgive you a preview of the coursework ahead of you. Also, many of these programs are lab work, and, although they're not focused on medical research, they will still give you good general insights into how to do lab work. As I said before,as a pre-med student, you'll likely end up doing lab work either for class or as an extracurricularforyour medical school application.If you do one of these programs, you'll bewell-prepared to do that research. Program Host Institute/Hospital Location Cost Program Length Plant Genome Internship Cornell University Boyce Thompson Institute Ithaca, NY No cost. Students receive a stipendof $1,050. 7weeks Aspiring Scientists Summer Internship Program George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia No cost. 8-10weeks Army Educational Outreach Programs Department of Defense Washington, DC Varies. Some scholarships and grants are available. Varies depending on program Internship Program J. Craig Venter Institute Rockville, MD No cost.Students are paid $13.00 an hour 8-12 weeks Maine Research Internships for Teachers and High School Students MERITS Maine Space Grant Consortium Augusta, ME No cost. Students earn a stipend (amount undisclosed). 6 weeks Research Science Institute Massachusetts Institute of Technology - MIT Cambridge, MA No cost. 5 weeks Monell Science Apprenticeship Program Monell Chemical Senses Center Philadelphia, PA No cost. Students receive a stipend (amount varies). 8weeks Summer Research Program Monmouth University West Long Branch, NJ No cost. Students are paid about $9 per hour. 12 weeks Summer Youth Internship Program Museum of Science Boston, MA No cost. Positions can be paid or unpaid, depending on program. Varies National Space Club Scholars Program National Aeronautics and Space Administration Greenbelt, MD Wallops Island, VA No cost. Students receive a stipend of $2,100. 6 weeks OARDC Research Internships in Wooster ORIP Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Wooster, OH No cost. Students receive a stipend (amount varies). 10 weeks Apprenticeships in Science and Engineering (ASE) program Saturday Academy Oregon Southwest Washington $250 8 weeks High School Student Research Education Program Scripps Research Institute Jupiter, FL No cost. Students are paid $.50 per hour 8weeks Howard Hughes Medical Institute Program University of Maryland College Park, MD $200 1 week Howard Hughes Medical Institute High School Scholars University of Miami Miami, FL No cost. Some students receive stipends. 7 weeks Internships for High School State University of New York College at Oneonta Cooperstown, NY No cost. Interns receive a stipend of $1,750-$2,000 10 weeks Educational Outreach Program The Forsyth Institute Boston, MA No cost. Students are paid an hourly wage (amount varies) 8 weeks Geosciences Bridge Program University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center Princess Anne, MD No cost. Students are paid $500 per week. 6 weeks Bioscience Summer Research Program for High School Students University of Utah, Department of Biology Salt Lake City, UT No cost. 8weeks Summer Research Apprentice Program University of Wyoming Laramie, WY Varies depending on program. Varies depending on program. What Are the Pros and Cons of These Programs? These medical programs can be a great experience for many high school students, but they can have some drawbacks. In this section we'll look at the pros and cons of medical programs for high school students. Pros These programs and internships provide a real look atwhat life's like asa researcher, scientist, or medical student. You'll have a great sense of whether or not you'd like to pursue a career in the medical field after you finish your program. If you do a college campus program, you'll geta preview of college life. You can experience living away from home, and you can decide if you like the college. I did a summer program at UCLA during high school, and it made me realize that UCLA was not the school for me. As I said before, these opportunities give you the chance to evaluate if pre-med is the track you want to go down before you wastetime and money in college. If you love your program, you'll be even more motivated towork hard to become a medical professional. You'll meet like-minded students who’re interested in medicine/science. You'll have a great program or internship on your college application. By actually participating in a medical/science program, you'll show colleges that you're committed to pursuing a career in the medicalfield. If you attend a college campus program, and you’re interested in going to college at the school that hostedthe program, you’ll have shown real interest in that college (which admissions officers always like to see). Cons These programs can be expensive (depending on the program you choose,some can cost almost $10,000). However, some programs pay you! Make sure you check out the individual program websites to find out the cost. And like we mentioned before, pay careful attention to housing! Some programs might offer stipends, but they may not cover housing costs. Also, they canbe highly competitive (some admit very few students or have special qualifications such as having a 3.5 GPA or higher). Some may not provide you with the best insight into medicine, especially those that are less hands-on or only offer research exposure (which is not what you’ll necessarily be interested in). Other Options: Hospital Volunteer orShadowing a Doctor Volunteering and job shadowing are both great ways to participate inmedical experiences at your local hospital. You can do themduring the school year or the summer. Also, both opportunities are free! What's the difference between volunteering job shadowing a doctor? As a hospital volunteer, you'll have to apply (and likely interview) to be a volunteer (along with getting a TB test and filling out paperwork). You'll attend a hospital volunteer orientation and be assigned a specific "job" at the hospital (such as assisting the nurses or assisting hospital visitors in navigating the hospital). As a volunteer, you'll be required to commit to volunteering for a certain number of shifts per week. You also may have to commit to volunteering for six months or more. Job shadowing is a shorter experience and much less formal. You can shadow a doctor for as little time as a few hours or a day or two. While shadowing, youfollow adoctor around while theygo about their normal activities. They may ask you to help them with basic tasks (grabbing a chart or taking notes), but probably not. You'll be there to see what a doctor does in their daily routine to determine if it interests you. To sign up to be a hospital volunteer, apply through the hospital's website. If you're having trouble locating the hospital's website or contact information, check with your school academic advisor.They may have a connection to the local hospital or might know another student whohas volunteered or job shadowed there andwho could help you get involved. To find ajob shadowingopportunity, reach out to any friends or family whowork in the medical field. See if they know any doctors whomyou could shadow. Also, ask your school's academic advisor if they know other studentswhoshadowed a doctor andcould give you more information.If your school can’t help you, get in touch with the hospital directly to see if they can help you set up a job shadowing opportunity.If you need more advice onjob shadowing, read our other guide. What Are the Pros and ConsofShadowing a Doctor orBeing a Hospital Volunteer? Shadowing a doctor or being a hospital volunteer is a significantly different experience than participating in a summer medical program, and they have their own set of pros and cons. Pros As opposed to summer programs, these experiences are always free.As I said above, some medicalprograms and internships can cost up to $10,000 (so much!). Job shadowing and being a hospital volunteer arefree experiences that will only cost you your time. These are great options if you can't afford the cost of a summer program. Job shadowing and being a hospital volunteer can provide a real look into life as a doctor or nurse. By following them around or working in a hospital, you'll get a sense of the work environment and what life is like on a day-to-day basis fora medical professional. As I said before, these opportunities give you the chance to evaluate if pre-med is the track you want to go down before you spendtime and money in college. If you don't like your experience job shadowing or as a volunteer, you might realize pre-med isn't the right path for you. However, if you love your experience, you'll feel more motivated to work towards your goal of becoming a medical professional. Job shadowing is a great experience if you don't have a lot of time to commit. You can choose to job shadow for a few hours, a fullday, or for severaldays. It's very flexible. If you want to be pre-med, volunteering at a hospital is a great extracurricular activity for your college application. While volunteering elsewhere (at a homeless shelter, animal shelter, etc.) can be great for a college application, it's goodto keep your extracurriculars focused on your future goals. Volunteering at a hospital will show colleges that you're serious about a career in medicine. Cons Volunteer experience may not provide you with quite the medical experience you're looking for. Volunteering may not be very hands-on, and your duties may be repetitiveand not directly related to medicine,such as answering phones, filing papers, and helping visitors find where they're going. If you only job shadowfor a day, it's not a great experiencefor your college application. It's notan extracurricular activity if you only do it once because that doesn't show enough commitment. However, I recommend doing job shadowing just to get insight into the medical field. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. How to Choose the Right Medical Experience for You Eachof the medical experiences listed in this article hasvalue, but to decide which is right for you, you shouldask yourself three questions: #1: What Is Your Main Medical Interest? Are you more interested in research or patient care?If research, look into one of the summer research programs.If patient care, look into one of the hospital-based programs, job shadowing or being a hospital volunteer. #2: How Much Money Are You Willing to Spend? Do you have money to spend, do you have no money to spend, or do you need to have a job that pays? If you have money to spend, you can consider all of the options.If you have no money to spend, look into an all-expenses paid program (or one with financial aid). Also, consider volunteering or job shadowing since both arefree experiences.If you need a job that pays, look into the programs with stipends for participants. #3: How Much Time Do You Want to Invest in Your Experience? Do you want to spend a day, a few hours per week, or a few weeks full-time on this experience?If you want a quick experience, consider job shadowing a doctor for a day or two.If you’d like an on-going experience to use as an extracurricular, consider volunteering since you could do that a few hours per week throughout the school year.If you’d like an intensive experience, consider doing one of the summer programs or internships. Also, alwaysmake sure toresearch a program or experience before you commit to it. Doing so will help avoid a bad experience (such asa program that's not very hands-on or volunteer work that's mostly grunt work). Whatever you're interested in doing, try to find another student who did it previously and ask them about their experience. For the programs, get in touch with the program coordinator to see if they can put you in contactwith a program alum you can speak with. How Will Colleges View These Experiences? Colleges mainly look for extracurriculars that show your commitment, passion, and ability to handle responsibility and leadership. As I mentioned briefly above, job shadowing isn't a great experience for your college application because it's not enough of a commitment if you only do it for a few days. On the other hand, volunteering at a hospital is a great extracurricular activity for your college application because it shows a commitment to medicine. The summer programs and internships are also great experiences for your college application because they show that same interest in and commitment to medicine. Also, many of these programs and internships are competitive,and colleges know that. If you're accepted into one of those programs or internships, colleges will view it like you won a prestigious award. What’s Next? Doing a medical program is a great step, but what else do you need to do to prepare for med school? Check out our step-by-step guide to preparing for med school as a high school studentand our list of the best books for pre-med students. Also, you should learn about how to write about extracurriculars on college applications. Check out fouramazing examples of extracurriculars forcollege applications. Interested in a BS/MD program? They can be a great way to save some time and get your medical degree sooner. Read our guide on getting into BS/MD programs to learn more. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: